Xi'an City Wall
» Xi'an, Shaan Xi

西安古城墙 中国现存最完整的一座古代城垣建筑

One of the features of the Xi'an City Wall lies in the fact that it has been preserved intact, which is rarely seen in the world. The magnificent and grandiose Xi'an City Wall was constructed in the early Ming Dynasty on the basis of the Imperial City of Chang An (Everlasting Peace) of the Tang Dynasty. It is also a symbol of great significance of the famous historic cultural city of Xi'an.

The history

The construction of the Xi'an City was formally started in the seventh year of Emperor Hongwu's reign (1374) and completed in the eleventh year of Hongwu's reign (1378). After its completion, the circumference of the city wall was 13.75 kilometers long in an oblong shape. Initially, the wall was built with layers of dirt, with the base layer including also lime and glutinous rice extract.

Throughout the time Xi'an City Wall has been restored three times. In 1568, Zhang Zhi (the government officer of that period) was in charge to rebuild the wall with bricks. In 1781, another officer, Bi Yuan, refitted the city wall and the gate towers. More recently (since 1983) the Shaanxi Provincial Government restored the city wall again.

What to explore

The scale

After the extension, the wall now stands 12 meters (40 feet) tall, 12 - 14 meters (40 - 46 feet) wide at the top and 15 - 18 meters (50 - 60 feet) thick at the bottom. It covers 13.7 kilometers (8.5 miles) in length with a deep moat surrounding it.

The ramparts

Every 120 meters, there is a rampart which extends out from the main wall. All together, there are 98 ramparts on the wall, which were built to defend against the enemy climbing up the wall. Each rampart has a sentry building, in which the soldiers could protect the entire wall without exposing themselves to the enemy. Besides, the distance between every two ramparts is just within the range of an arrow shot from either side, so that they could shoot the enemy, who wanted to attack the city, from the side.

On the outer side of the city wall, there are 5,948 crenellations, namely battlements. The soldiers can outlook and shoot at the enemy. On the inner side, parapets were built to protect the soldiers from falling off. Since the ancient weapons did not have the power to break through a wall and the only way for an enemy to enter the city was by attacking the gate of the city wall. This is why complicated gate structures were built within the wall.

Four gates

In Xi'an, the city wall includes four gates and they are respectively named as Changle (eternal joy) in the east, Anding (harmony peace) in the west, Yongning (eternal peace) in the south and Anyuan (forever harmony) in the north. The south gate, Yongning, is the most beautifully decorated one. It is very near to the Bell Tower, center of the city. Important greeting ceremonies organized by the Provincial Government are usually held in the south gate square.

Gate towers

Each city gate has three gate towers: Zhenglou, Jianlou and Zhalou. The most outward is Zhalou, which stands away from the City Wall and is opposite to Zhenglou. It was used to raise and lower the suspension bridge. Jianlou with small windows in the front and flanks was used as a defensive outpost. Zhenglou, in the inner, is the main entrance to the city. The wall connects Jianlou and Zhenglou Towers. The area between them within the wall was called "Wong Cheng", in which the soldiers stationed. From Wong Cheng, there are sloped horse passages leading to the top of the city wall.

The park

A circular park has been built along the high wall and the deep moat. The thriving trees and flowers decorate the classical Chinese architecture of the wall, adding additional beauty to the city of Xi'an.

A nice suggestion for tourists

You will have an enjoyable and interesting experience when you are biking on the City Wall,

Souvenirs

Xi'an is a great place to shop for cultural items. In the Muslim quarter just outside the Great Mosque is the Dajue Xiang Market, Here you will find a little of everything - antique, musical instruments and Mao memorabilia, do not expect genuine antiques though.

  • Tri-colored Glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty
    Xi'an is known for its Tri-colored Glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty. The subjects of this pottery are bold and life-like, and the glazed colors are diverse and expressive, though be wary of any shops that claim their wares are "old."
  • Paper Cut
    Paper cut is a popular folk art in Shaanxi Province, on holidays and weddings, villagers decorate their home with bright (mostly red) paper cuttings that are rich and varied and always feature symbols of good luck.
  • Replicas of Terracotta Warriors
    Cashing in on Xi'an's main attraction, replicas of Terracotta Warriors are everywhere; they range from a few inches tall to life-size, with prices of up to several thousand US dollars.

What to taste

Xi'an cuisine is simple and hearty; you won't leave the table hungry. Noodles and dumplings are predominant and these are always filling. Try local delicacies at the Beiyuanmen Hui Snack Street where traditional Chinese buildings line the street and offer a smorgasbord of Muslim fare.

  • Pancake in Mutton Soup (Yangrou Paomo)
    Pancake in Mutton Soup (Yangrou Paomo) is a local Muslim delicacy that warms the stomach. The table etiquette is an art in itself as the dinner breaks up a flatbread that is mixed into the soup.
  • Dumpling banquet
    Dumplings are a northern specialty in China and Xi'an is famous for its dumpling banquet, which features a selection of 108 dumplings that differ in shape and filling.
  • Buckwheat noodles
    Buckwheat noodles can be served hot or cold and it is delicious with different vegetable toppings and sauces.

When to see

  • Opening Hours:
    08:00a.m. - 17:00p.m. (Spring and Summer) 08:30a.m. - 17:00p.m. (Fall and Winter)
  • Recommended Time for a Visit: Two hours

Attractions around » Xi'an, Shaan Xi

Natural Scene

Natural Scene

Historical Site

Historical Site

Cultural Site

Cultural Site

Nightlife

Nightlife

Day Entertainment & Sports

Day Entertainment & Sports

Shopping & Leisure

Shopping & Leisure

Historical Relic

Historical Relic

  Weather

  1. Is the weather fine all year round in Xi'an?
  2. What is the best season to visit Xi'an?

  Food

  1. What can we have for dinner in Xi'an?
  2. What is Xi'an local delicacy?

  Shopping

  1. Can I use my credit card when visiting the attractions in Xi'an?
  2. Where can I buy chinese medicine?
  3. Where can I find the department stores and supermarkets?
  4. What souvenirs can we buy in Xi'an?

  Travel

  1. What taboos do we need to pay attention to in Xi'an?
  2. What should we prepare for our visit to Mt.Huashan?
  3. Where can I meet muslim friends in Xi'an?
  4. What about the toilet facilities in Xi'an?

  Customs

  1. Where can I see Shadow Puppets in Xi'an?
  2. Why does Tang Dynasty Music and Dance Show become so popular here?
  3. How about the dress for Tang Dynasty Music and Dance Show?

  Other Hints

  1. What is Xi'an time?
  2. What to pack for Xi'an tours?
  3. Where is the post office in Xi'an?
  4. Is the internet bar available in Xi'an?
  5. What about other useful numbers in Xi'an?
  6. What is emergency number in Xi'an?

  • Is the weather fine all year round in Xi'an?

    Xi'an is in a warm temperate zone, and has a continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons; Xi'an is hot and wet in summer, dry and seldom snowy in winter and is prone to extended spells of rain in spring and autumn.

    The temperature during spring (March to May) increases rapidly, but is prone to fluctuation. The average temperature in March is 7.9 centigrade, rising to 14.1 centigrade in April and 19.4 centigrade in May.

    Summer in Xi'an (June to August) becomes both hot and humid, with the highest average temperature being 32 centigrade and the maximum temperature of ten above 40 centigrade.

    Xi'an also experiences a fair amount of precipitation during autumn, (September to November). The early autumn period is cool and can be overcast, late autumn is usually fine.

    Winter (December to February) is dry and cold with a little snow. The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 0 Centigrade.


  • What is the best season to visit Xi'an?

    Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are the best seasons during the year for Xi'an tour. With the pleasant temperature, gentle breezes and warm sunshine, spring is a good time of year for outdoor activities and traveling. Late autume is also worth to visit here.


  • What can we have for dinner in Xi'an?

    As the capital of table delicacies, Xi'an is famous for the delicious Shaanxi snacks, the delicate Guangdong cuisine, in a sweet and mild flavor. Various kinds of fashionable foreign delicacies, and the popular Sichuan cuisine, such as hot pot, in a spicy flavor.


  • What is Xi'an local delicacy?

    When you are travelling in Xi'an, one delicacy you will surely to find on the menu is the dumpling.

    Xi'an, an ancient city that has been the nation's capital during no less than eleven dynasties spanning more than a thousand years is regarded as the home if not the birthplace of the great dumpling tradition.

    It was here that the art of creating the most tasty and delicate of dumplings was refined and no visit to the city is complete unless you partake of a dumpling dinner.


  • Can I use my credit card when visiting the attractions in Xi'an?

    No, most attractions are not allowed to pay credit card, for your convinence, it is much better to bring some cash money along the trip. most 4 star hotels or 5 star hotels provide a good service to exchange into RMB at front desk.


  • Where can I buy chinese medicine?

    You can also find the traditional chineses medicine market in Xi'an, which embody the local culture of chinese medical treatment.

    In Chinese medicine, the links between body, mind and spirit have always been recognized and indeed lie at the heart of the system. There is a saying like western medicine cure the external causes but Chinese Medicine cures the internal causes.


  • Where can I find the department stores and supermarkets?

    Department stores

    Minsheng Department Store, at No. 103, Jiefang Lu
    Parkson Shopping Center is popular in Xian and now there are three Parkson:

    1. Xi'an Luck Parkson: 119, Dong Dajie (Opposite the Hyatt Regency Hotel)
    2. Xi'an Shidai Parkson: Shidai Shengdian Plaza, Xi Dajie
    3. Xi'an Chang'an Parkson: 38, Chang'an Zhong Lu

    Supermarkets

    1. South Gate Branch (Downtown) is situated in Fen Xiang, Nan Dajie.
      Bus: No. 600, 603
    2. Chang'an Lu Branch (South Suburb) is located at the northeast corner of the crossing of Shida Lu and Chang'an Lu.
      Bus: No.19, 44, 101, 215, 239, 408, 600, 603
    3. Jin Hua Lu Branch (East Suburb) is situated near the crossing of Changle Lu and Jinhua Lu.
      Bus: No. 4, 10, 11, 13, 27, 43, 105, 209, 303, 402, 604, 605
    4. Lian Hu Branch (West Suburb) is located at the southwest of the crossing of Daqing Lu and Taoyuan Lu.
      Bus: No.2, 12, 45, 103, 104, 207, 210, 222, 223, 224, 301, 303, 605, 803
    5. North Suburb Branch is located along the Bei Erhuan Lu (Northern 2nd Ring Road).
      Bus: No. 18, 17, 238, 228, 236, 609, 600
    6. Nan Erhuan Branch is situated along the Nan Erhuan Lu (Southern 2nd Ring Road).
      Bus: No.24, 46, 308, 311, 608


  • What souvenirs can we buy in Xi'an?

    Xi'an is a great place to do some fantastic Chinese souvenir shopping, especially for cultural items.

    Some excellent offerings specific to Xi'an include: Chinese calligraphy rubbings, Tang pottery replicas, Terracotta Warrior replicas, Folk paintings, Folk paper cuttings and Green porcelain.


  • what taboos do we need to pay attention to in Xi'an?

    Xi'an is a multiethnic regin, of which the population of Islam is approximately one half, it is a taboo to eat pork and the flesh of animals which died of natrual course, in order not to trouble yourselves, you'd better not to eat anything made of pork and talk about pig in any muslim restaurant.


  • What should we prepare for our visit to Mt.Huashan?

    Famed as the most precipitous of the five moutains in China, Mt.Huashan is a hardship jouney for xi'an tour. You might prepare a long gown and a pair of jogging shoes in case of raining and dropping of.


  • Where can I meet muslim friends in Xi'an?

    Muslim quarter is a shopping center where many muslime friends gathered there. This area is paved with dark colored stone with green trees providing heavy shade during summer. There are many restaurants and stores on the street. The owners are all Moslems.

    Moslem Street has a long history. It is said that in olden days, foreign diplomatic envoys and merchants lived here then they married and had children, so gradually the population increased.

    Today, most of the inhabitants of Moslem Street are the descendants of those immigrants.


  • What about the toilet facilities in Xi'an?

    Most toilet facilities in emporiums, shopping centers, supermarkets, stations and scenic spots are free. The other will charge no more than 0.5 Yuan.


  • Where can I see Shadow Puppets in Xi'an?

    Shadow Puppets was shaped in an art form of famouse traditional folk custome.The Chinese shadow puppets have existed in China for over a thousand years.

    The Shadow Play is hold in an old house of the Qing Dynasty. The show is about 15 minutes long and performed in a very small room. you can go Gao'a family where near to Drum Tower to see the show, the performance costs about 40 yuan for each one.


  • Why does the Tang Dynasty Music and Dance Show become so popular here?

    The Tang Dynasty Music and Dance Show, a wonderful performance of the ancient music and dance, is a must when you visit Xian.

    The city, which was formerly known as Chang'an has a very long history, and was the imperial capital during 13 dynastic periods. Of these, the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) was the most prosperous and glorious of all.

    The Tang Dynasty Music and Dance Show is an outstanding exponent of this ancient stable and prosperous society, keeping alive its splendid culture and providing an insight into the peaceful life style of the period.


  • How about the dress for Tang Dynasty Music and Dance Show?

    There is no special dress requirement for this show, but some travelers like to dress up.

    If you have time to change your clothes after the day's tour, we suggest that you dress as you would for any formal occasion, like the Opera in Beijing, and the welcome and farewell dinners during the Yangtze Cruise.

    Jackets and ties for gentlemen and a formal dress or gown for ladies are recommended.


  • What is Xi'an time?

    Equal to Beijing, Xi'an is eight hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (London) and 13 hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time (New York), is the standard time used in China.


  • What to pack for Xi'an tours?

    Besides the medicines you usually take at home, you need to bring pain killers, anti-inflammatory prescriptions and medicines for colds, fever and diarrhea. These medicines are especially helpful if you are going to visit Xi'an.


  • Where is the post office in Xi'an?

    1. City Center: Bell Tower Post Office, Northeast corner of Bell Tower Square
    2. South Suburb: Xiao Zhai Branch, No.3 Xiao Zhai Xi Lu
    3. North Suburb: Bei Guan Branch, No.18 Bei Guan Zheng Jie

    Opening Hours 8:30-18:00


  • Is the internet bar available in Xi'an?

    Yes, it is. tourists can easily find internet bars near colleges or universities, usually it costs you 1 - 2 Yuan per hour, but those with better facilities and faster connection speeds may cost more.


  • What about other useful numbers in Xi'an?

    Zip code Inquiry: 184
    Taxi Complain: 88624509
    Consumption Complain: 12315
    Telephone Number Inquiry: 114
    Public Buses Complain: 16801315
    China Mobile Customer Hotline: 10086
    China Unicom Customer Hotline: 10010
    China Telecom Customer Hotline: 10000


  • What is emergency number in Xi'an?

    Fire: 119
    Traffic: 122
    Ambulance: 120
    Police: 110


As a symbol of great significance of the famous historic cultural city of Xi'an, the Xi'an City Wall is the best-preserved, oldest and largest ancient city defense system in China.

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