Qiao Family's Compound
» Pingyao, Shan Xi

乔家大院 '大红灯笼高高挂'

Qiaojia Dayuan,Qiao Family's Courtyard

It was the residential house of the well-know financier Qiao Zhiyong of Qing Dynasty, also called Zai Zhong Tang. The Qiao Family's Compound was an old Chinese residential courtyard that thrived for over two centuries. The Compound gained its renown not only for its large scale but also for the exquisite craftsmanship reflected in the brick carving, woodcarving and murals.

Something about the host

When people first saw the compound, they were astonished to find that the complex was so large and magnificent; however, few knew that the value of the compound was less than one percent of the family's (fortune) asset.

The prosperity of the Qiao Family originated with Qiao Guifa who was an orphan and made a living as a servant during the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1711 - 1799) in the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911). He first started a business when he met his business partner, Qin. Initially, they sold fodder, bean sprout and bean curd. Several years later, they had become very wealthy. The "golden age" for this family was under the instruction of Qiao Zhiyong who adopted the principles of being industrious, modest and generous. The family fortunes began to decline due to the large amount of money offered to the Qing Army and the spoliation of the Japanese army.

The Compound

Viewed from outside, the residency is serious and grand, with long yards; viewed from inside, it is splendid and orderly, reflecting the residential style of big families in feudal society in North China.

What about the scale

The compound was first built in 1756 in the Qing Dynasty and renovated twice and enlarged once. Situated in the central part of Qiao Town, Qi Xian County in Shanxi Province, it occupies an area of 8,274 square meters (about two acres) with a construction area of 3,870 square meters (about one acre). It consists of six main courtyards, twenty smaller courtyards and 313 rooms.

Why built like this

The family built the complex like a castle for safety considerations, as well as to create tranquil surroundings in which to relax, away from the furious competition of the business world. With three sides facing the street, it has ten-meter (about 32 feet) high parapet walls (a kind of wall as high as the house, used to keep the yard safe). Some girls in large families could not resist the temptation of the outside world, so they managed to climb up the high wall to look at the outside world that was forbidden to them. Gradually, this kind of wall became known as "Nv'er" (daughter) wall. The exquisite design and meticulous craftsmanship make these walls unrivalled.

What about the layout

Viewed from above, the Compound looks very much like the double Chinese character of "xi," which means happiness and luck. As one enters through the main gate, an eighty-meter (about 262 feet) long paved path leads to the main hall, at the western end of which, is the ancestral temple of the family.

This path divides the compound into two parts: the Southern Yard and the Northern Yard. The Southern Yard is further divided into three sections respectively called the Southeast Yard, the South Yard and the New Yard. The three subdivisions of the Northern Yard are respectively called the Old Yard, the Northwest Yard and the Study Yard. The given names reflect the location of the yards within the compound.

Another important feature of the compound is the fact that the roof of every house is connected. This makes it easier for guards to protect the yard. What's more, the 140-plus chimneys on the roof all vary from each other in their design.

Caving skills

The Qiao Family's Compound gained its renown not only for its large scale but also for the exquisite craftsmanship reflected in the brick carving, woodcarving and murals.

Brick Carving

Brick carvings can be found on the wall and balusters, depicting various subjects such as flowers (traditional propitious pictures in the culture of Shanxi Province). For example, the carving on the corbie-step doorstep of the third yard shows Kylin (a mascot in Chinese culture) carrying a son to a mother figure. They caved this picture in the hope of having more male offspring.

Wood Carving

The wood carvings are widely praised for they are extremely lifelike and possess some kind of meaning. For example, the caving of the three gods of fortune, prosperity and longevity can be found on the main gate of the second yard. These three gods represent all human desires, so they are very popular in China.

Murals

Beautiful gold murals are located under each eave of the compound. Some of these paintings portray fables and some others concern more prosaic subjects such as flowers, birds, railway lines, railway stations, clocks, etc. Although exposed to the wind and sun for hundreds of years, they are still shining!

Tablets

There are many tablets in the compound, two of which are most valuable.

The tablet "ren zhou yi fu"

The tablet "ren zhou yi fu" displays the handwriting of Li Hongzhang (1832 - 1901), a famous general in Chinese history during the Qing Dynasty). At the time when the Qing Army was at war with the invaders, The Qiao Family donated 400,000 taels of silver (705,479 ounces) towards a warship. Li wrote this tablet in praise of their patriotism.

The tablet "fu zhong lang huan"

The tablet "fu zhong lang huan" was presented to The Qiao Family under the verbal instruction of the Empress Dowager Cixi (1836 - 1908) who made her escape after the Eight Powers Allied Army seized Beijing. When she arrived in Shanxi Province, the Qiao Family donated 400,000 taels of silver (705,479 ounces) to pay for her journey.

"Raise the Red Lantern"

In 1991, the Qiao Family's Compound became international renowned as a result of Zhang Yimou movie "Raise the Red Lantern" starring Gong Li. After the filming was finished, the drama production team left behind several hundred red lanterns. Since then, these lanterns have been the most important decoration here.

Attractions around » Pingyao, Shan Xi

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  Weather

  1. Tips for Pingyao's weather

  Food

  1. What should I need to note when eating in Pingyao?

  Shopping

  1. What are the speciality products of Pingyao?

  • What should we note in terms of Pingyao's weather?

    Pingyao is situated on the Loess Plateau and is windy and dusty. So you had better not dress in light color. Besides, the air is dry and you should take good care of your skin, and drink more water, or else your lips will be chapped.


  • What are the speciality products of Pingyao?

    Pingyao beef, Pingyao lacquerwork, paper cuttings, embroidered satin shoe and so on.


  • What should I need to note when eating in Pingyao?

    The soil of Pingyao is alkaline, so we strongly recommend you to drink a spoon of local mature vinegar before your three meals a day because the local vinegar could reduce the alkalescence and prevent intestinal disease.

    Proper diet is important. Don not eat too much. Eat more vegetables, fruits and drink more water in order to adapt yourself to the plateau-climate. You had better not smoke or drink.


Lying at Qiaojiapu Village, 54 km south of Taiyuan, the Qiao Family's Compound is another masterpiece of traditional civil architecture in North China. First built in the period of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, renovated and expanded later, this compound has been turned into a magnificent complex with the unique character of traditional architecture.

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